{"id":5012,"date":"2024-01-13T19:29:04","date_gmt":"2024-01-13T11:29:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kenpai.com\/cms\/5012\/"},"modified":"2024-01-13T19:29:04","modified_gmt":"2024-01-13T11:29:04","slug":"%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e4%b8%8eweb-server%e7%9a%84%e5%8c%ba%e5%88%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kenpai.com\/cms\/5012\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0eWEB SERVER\u7684\u533a\u522b"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1aWeblogic\u3001Tomcat\u3001Jboss\uff1b<\/p>\n

WEB SERVER\uff1aIIS\u3001 Apache<\/p>\n

\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u8bb2\uff0cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f20\u9001(serves)\u9875\u9762\u4f7f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4f\u89c8\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528(call)\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5(methods)\u3002\u786e\u5207\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff1aWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e13\u95e8\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42(request)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b(serves)\u5546\u4e1a\u903b\u8f91(business logic)\u3002
<\/strong>
\u4e0b\u9762\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u7ec6\u7ec6\u9053\u6765\uff1a <\/p>\n

Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668(Web Server) <\/strong><\/p>\n

Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6790(handles)HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5f53Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42(request)\uff0c\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u54cd\u5e94(response)\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9001\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aHTML\u9875\u9762\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42(request)\uff0cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u54cd\u5e94(response)\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u9875\u9762\u6216\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u9875\u9762\u8df3\u8f6c(redirect)\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u628a\u52a8\u6001\u54cd\u5e94(dynamic response)\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u59d4\u6258(delegate)\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f8b\u5982CGI\u811a\u672c\uff0cJSP(JavaServer Pages)\u811a\u672c\uff0cservlets\uff0cASP(Active Server Pages)\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef(server-side)JavaScript\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef(server-side)\u6280\u672f\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5b83\u4eec(\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u811a\u672c)\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef(server-side)\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2aHTML\u7684\u54cd\u5e94(response)\u6765\u8ba9\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4f\u89c8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u6a21\u578b(delegation model)\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42(request)\u88ab\u9001\u5230Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u91cc\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42(request)\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42(request)\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f(\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u811a\u672c)\u3002Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef(server-side)\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u8fd4\u56de(\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684)\u54cd\u5e94(response)\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u51fa\u804c\u80fd\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef(server-side)\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406(transaction processing)\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5(database connectivity)\u548c\u6d88\u606f(messaging)\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e(employ)\u5404\u79cd\u7b56\u7565(strategies)\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bb9\u9519\u6027(fault tolerance)\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027(scalability)\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e73\u8861(load balancing)\uff0c\u7f13\u51b2(caching)\u3002\u96c6\u7fa4\u7279\u5f81(clustering—features)\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668(The Application Server) <\/strong>
\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ecHTTP\uff0c\u628a\u5546\u4e1a\u903b\u8f91\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9(expose)\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5411\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u9001HTML\u4ee5\u4f9b\u6d4f\u89c8\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bbf\u95ee\u5546\u4e1a\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u5546\u4e1a\u903b\u8f91\u5c31\u8c61\u4f60\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5(\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570)\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef(\u5305\u542b\u6709\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762(GUI)\u7684)\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u4e00\u53f0PC\u3001\u4e00\u4e2aWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5176\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u7a7f\u68ad(traveling)\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u663e\u793a\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91(program logic)\u3002 \u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86(takes)\u6570\u636e\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528(calls)\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9759\u6001HTML\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u88ab\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u4ef6(component)\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u53e3(API)\u628a\u5546\u4e1a\u903b\u8f91\u66b4\u9732(expose)(\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f)\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u4e8eJ2EE(Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition)\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684EJB(Enterprise JavaBean)\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u770b\u5927\u95e8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c(gate-keeping duties)\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u5168(security)\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406(transaction processing)\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u6c60(resource pooling)\uff0c \u548c\u6d88\u606f(messaging)\u3002\u5c31\u8c61Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u6269\u5c55(scalability)\u548c\u5bb9\u9519(fault tolerance)\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7ebf\u5546\u5e97(\u7f51\u7ad9)\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9e\u65f6\u5b9a\u4ef7(real-time pricing)\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027(availability)\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9(site)\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5355(form)\u8ba9\u4f60\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u63d0\u4ea4\u67e5\u8be2(query)\u540e\uff0c\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e(lookup)\u5e76\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u5185\u5d4c\u5728HTML\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u7f51\u7ad9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2d\u60c5\u666f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4f1a\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60c5\u666f1\uff1a\u4e0d\u5e26\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u79cd\u60c5\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2aWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u72ec\u7acb\u63d0\u4f9b\u5728\u7ebf\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u5f97\u4f60\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42(request)\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef(server-side)\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42(request)\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6b64\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6(flat file\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1aflat file\u662f\u6307\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u975e\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982properties\u548cXML\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49)\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b9a\u4ef7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef(server-side)\u7a0b\u5e8f\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u8868\u793a\u6210(formulate)HTML\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6700\u540eWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u628a\u4f1a\u5b83\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4f60\u7684Web\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u54cd\u5e94(response)HTML\u9875\u9762\u6765\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42(request)\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u60c5\u666f2\uff1a\u5e26\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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